Case converter

Paste text, pick a case, copy the result. Your original stays untouched, so you can try every style. Runs in your browser; nothing is uploaded.

How to use the case converter

  1. Paste or type your text in the top box.
  2. Click a case. The result appears below straight away and updates as you keep editing the text.
  3. Click Copy result, or Use result as input if you want to convert again or edit the result.

Every conversion starts from your original text, so switching between cases never loses anything. Each line is converted on its own, so you can paste a list of headings or variable names and convert them all at once. The chosen case is kept in the page address, so a bookmark opens straight to it.

Every case, with examples

CaseExampleCommon use
UPPER CASE THE QUICK BROWN FOX Headings, labels, emphasis (sparingly)
lower case the quick brown fox Tags, email addresses, undoing caps lock
Title Case The Quick Brown Fox of the Woods Headlines, book and song titles
Sentence case The quick brown fox. It jumps. Body text, UI text, most headings
camelCase theQuickBrownFox JavaScript and Java variables
PascalCase TheQuickBrownFox Class and component names
snake_case the_quick_brown_fox Python, Ruby, database columns
kebab-case the-quick-brown-fox URLs, CSS classes, file names
CONSTANT_CASE THE_QUICK_BROWN_FOX Constants, environment variables
aLtErNaTiNg tHe QuIcK bRoWn FoX Memes and mocking text
iNVERSE cASE tHE qUICK bROWN fOX Fixing text typed with caps lock on

How title case works here

Title case has no single rule; AP, Chicago, APA and MLA all differ in the details. This converter follows the rules they share:

  • Capitalize the first and last word, and the first word after a colon, full stop, question mark or dash.
  • Keep these short words lower case elsewhere: a, an, the, and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet, as, at, by, en, if, in, of, off, on, per, to, up, via, vs.
  • Capitalize every other word, including short verbs such as "is" and "be", which are not small words in any major style.
  • Capitalize each part of a hyphenated word ("Self-Driving Cars").
  • Leave words with capitals inside them alone, so acronyms and names like NASA, iPhone and McDonald stay as written. If the whole text is in capitals, it is lowercased first.
  • Leave email addresses and web links untouched.

Check the result against your own style guide if you have one, especially for longer prepositions like "with", "from" and "about", which Chicago lowercases and AP capitalizes from four letters up.

Sentence case

Sentence case lowercases everything, then capitalizes the first letter of the text, of each line, and of each sentence after a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. It also capitalizes the word "I". It cannot recognize names, places or brands, and it treats the full stop in an abbreviation such as "e.g." as the end of a sentence, so read the result through and fix those by hand.

Cases for code

camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case and CONSTANT_CASE first split the text into words: at spaces and punctuation, and at the boundaries inside existing identifiers. So userID, user_id and User Id all become user_id in snake_case. Apostrophes are dropped, so "don't stop" becomes dontStop rather than splitting the word.

Tips

  • Typed with caps lock on? iNVERSE cASE swaps every letter back, keeping the capitals you meant to type.
  • Pasted from a PDF? Join the broken lines first with remove line breaks, then convert.
  • Cleaning a list? Convert it to lower case, then use the duplicate line remover to drop repeats.
  • Writing for a limit? Check the length in the character counter.
  • Working with data? The JSON formatter tidies and validates JSON in the browser too.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between title case and sentence case? +

Title case capitalizes the first letter of every important word, as in "The Lord of the Rings". Sentence case capitalizes only the first word and proper nouns, as in "The lord of the rings", the way a normal sentence is written. Many style guides and most apps now use sentence case for headings because it is easier to read.

Which words are not capitalized in title case? +

Short articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet) and short prepositions (such as at, by, in, of, on, to, up, via) stay lower case, unless they are the first or last word or follow a colon. Style guides differ on longer prepositions such as "about" or "with", which this converter capitalizes.

How do I change text from all caps to normal? +

Paste the text and choose Sentence case. It lowercases everything, then capitalizes the first letter of each sentence and the word "I". Check proper nouns such as names and places afterwards, since the converter cannot tell them apart from ordinary words.

What is camelCase vs snake_case? +

Both join words without spaces for use in code. camelCase starts each word after the first with a capital letter (userName), and snake_case lowercases every word and joins them with underscores (user_name). JavaScript usually uses camelCase; Python and SQL usually use snake_case.

Is there a keyboard shortcut to change case? +

In Microsoft Word, select the text and press Shift+F3 to cycle through lowercase, UPPERCASE and capitalizing each word. Google Docs has Format > Text > Capitalization. Most other apps have no shortcut, which is when a converter like this one helps.

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